Optimization of the transportation process in mining with constraints on the Shovel and Dump network

Efficient truck dispatching is essential for improving material movement in open-pit mines, particularly when heterogeneous equipment, repeated haulage cycles, and restricted connectivity between loading and unloading locations must be considered simultaneously. This study develops a binary integer linear programming model for optimizing the daily dispatch of a heterogeneous truck fleet while explicitly incorporating the actual loading-site-destination accessibility network of an open-pit mine. The objective is to maximize the total volume of transported material subject to truck and loading-equipment capacities, equipment availability, working-time limitations, continuity of loaded and empty movements, safety-spacing requirements, queue restrictions, and permissible loading-site-destination assignments. The model was implemented using operational data from Mine No. ۱ of Golgohar Sirjan Company, including ۱۳۱ trucks, ۳۰ loading sites, three waste dumps, and one crusher. The optimized daily schedule transported ۳۶۵,۷۹۱ tons of material through ۵,۲۹۵ haulage cycles, with an average of ۴۰.۴۲ cycles per truck. The average loading and unloading times were ۶.۷۰ and ۱.۵۰ minutes, respectively, while the average waiting time for loading was ۲.۸۵ minutes, and no waiting time was recorded at the unloading destinations. A comparison over a common ten-month evaluation period showed that the model-based dispatch policy increased estimated total material movement from ۹۹,۴۵۱,۷۲۴ to ۱۰۹,۷۳۷,۳۰۰ tons, representing an improvement of ۱۰.۳۴% over actual mine performance. The findings demonstrate that explicitly incorporating the mine-specific accessibility network and jointly coordinating truck, loading-site, destination, and cycle decisions can improve material movement using the existing fleet. The proposed model provides a practical decision-support basis for daily haulage planning, although the estimated improvements remain conditional on the deterministic operating assumptions adopted in the model.

کلیدواژه ها:

Binary integer linear programming ، Truck dispatching ، Open-pit mining ، Shovel&ndash ، truck system ، Accessibility network ، Haulage optimization