The Moral Significance of the Right to Employment in Human Rights and the Protection of the Right to Employment and Decent Work for Persons with Disabilities (A Comparative Study of Iraqi and Iranian Legislation)

Introduction: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a pivotal document in the history of global ethics and the evolution of human rights, enumerates the fundamental rights of all human beings. Several of its articles directly address labor rights, among which is the right to employment and decent work, also reflected as the seventeenth provision of Iran’s Charter of Citizens’ Rights. This study examines the comparative legal, executive, and supportive frameworks of Iran and Iraq regarding the right to employment and decent work for persons with disabilities. Material and Methods: This research is a descriptive review study. By consulting published sources related to the study’s keywords, the concept of the worker and employee with disabilities in Iranian and Iraqi law is first defined, and their legal and social classification is analyzed. Subsequently, international foundations of the right to work are examined as core normative bases. Conclusion: Comparative findings indicate that although both Iran and Iraq recognize the right to work for all, including persons with disabilities, in their constitutions, significant shortcomings exist in practical implementation. Iraq’s ۲۰۱۳ Law on the Care of Persons with Disabilities and Iran’s ۲۰۰۴ Law on the Protection of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities provide quota systems for employing persons with disabilities as well as financial and educational facilities. Nevertheless, challenges such as weak oversight, lack of financial incentives for employers, insufficient physical and educational infrastructures, and limited public awareness hinder the effective realization of these rights. The study emphasizes that the employment of persons with disabilities is not only an economic issue, but also an ethical, human, and social matter whose realization requires reform of legal, cultural, and institutional structures in accordance with human rights ethics.

کلیدواژه ها:

Ethics ، Human Rights ، Right to Employment and Decent Work ، Disability