A Techno-economic Assessment of Renewable Energy Generator Firmed by Storage for Spinning Reserve Participation

Intermittent renewable energy generators currently do not participate in spinning reserve ancillary service markets, as they do not have the capability to meet grid code requirements to provide firm active power when a generation contingency event occurs. The penetration of intermittent renewable generation into power system grids globally is increasing exponentially. Intermittent renewable generators are expected to become the dominant energy suppliers as various economies around the world pursue decarbonization policies. Large volumes of renewable energy availability can at times be misaligned with peak load conditions, which may result in increased voluntary and involuntary generation curtailment. There is an opportunity to utilize renewable generation as firm spinning reserve resources during periods of curtailment if augmented with appropriate control systems and paired with energy storage devices. This paper presents a techno-economic assessment to examine whether intermittent renewable generation paired with an energy storage device can economically provide spinning reserve ancillary services. Techno-economic case studies were conducted comparing a standalone photovoltaic system with a photovoltaic-battery system in various locations with differing climatic conditions in the United States of America. The results demonstrate that a one-hour battery and a two-hour battery, each with the same capacity as the photovoltaic system, are economically viable. In particular, pairing a one-hour battery with a photovoltaic system yields a superior net present value outcome compared with a standalone photovoltaic system that is subject to curtailment.

کلیدواژه ها:

Techno-economic analysis ، spinning reserve ، renewable generation ، photovoltaic systems ، Battery storage