Formula Versus Breast Milk Alters Enamel Calcium and Phosphorus Content; Probiotics Fail to Prevent Mineral Loss or Reduce Streptococcus Mutans Biofilm Formation on Primary Teeth

Evidence on the cariogenicity of formula compared to breast milk and the protective effect of probiotic-supplemented formulas against dental caries is inconclusive. This study aimed to experimentally evaluate and compare the effects of breast milk, plain formula, and probiotic-supplemented formula on the mineral content (calcium and phosphorus) of primary tooth enamel and the in vitro formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm. This study aimed to compare the rate of Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and the reduction of enamel mineral content in milk teeth in breast milk, plain formula, and probiotic-supplemented formula. In this experimental laboratory study, ۴۰ extracted deciduous canines with intact enamel were collected and examined for mineral content (calcium and phosphorus, in weight percent) using a Scanning Electron Microscope coupled to an Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analyzer (SEM-EDXA). The enamel surfaces of the teeth were inoculated with Streptococcus mutans, and then the teeth were randomly divided into four groups: breast milk, plain formula, probiotic formula, and normal saline (۱۰ teeth in each group). Then, the teeth were examined in liquids, and the solutions were changed every day for ۱ week, after which the mineral content was measured again using SEM-EDXA. Also, the biofilm formed in the three types of milk and in physiological saline was stained with crystal violet and quantified by measuring light absorption at ۴۹۰ nm with an ELISA reader. Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyze the data. The significance level was set at P ≤ ۰.۰۵, and SPSS version ۲۲ was used to analyze the data. Findings: The average biofilm formation rate in the negative control group was ۰.۲۸, in the positive control group ۰.۵۷, in the plain formula group ۱.۰۳, in the probiotic formula group ۰.۸۵, and in the breast milk group ۰.۴۵. Unlike breast milk, non-probiotic and probiotic formulas caused a significant loss of minerals. Also, the amount of Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation in probiotic and non-probiotic formulas was higher than in breast milk.

کلیدواژه ها:

Breast milk ، formula milk ، Probiotics ، baby teeth ، biophile ، Statistical analysis