Appropriate Technology for Biogas Production from Household Organic Waste: A Sustainable Approach for Rural Communities

Household organic waste is often improperly discarded, leading to unpleasant odors and negative environmental and aesthetic impacts. Furthermore, its decomposition releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, exacerbating climate-related concerns. This study focused on developing a fixed-dome digester system for biogas production from household organic waste, particularly kitchen food waste, as a sustainable waste management solution. The digester is a cylindrical vessel with a diameter of ۰.۸ m and a height of ۱.۸ m. The fermentation process utilized fresh cow manure as the initial feedstock. An initial batch of approximately ۱۹۰ kg of cow manure was added at the beginning of the experiment. Following a ۵-day initial period, ۳ kg of food waste was added every ۳ days, and both stirring and non-stirring methods were demonstrated. The experiment found that the stirred process produced biogas with approximately ۱۳.۹۲% more methane (CH₄) compared to the unstirred process. Over the entire ۶۴-day fermentation period, the biogas from both stirred and unstirred processes contained CH₄ at concentrations ranging from ۶۴.۹۲% to ۷۲.۰۶%, while carbon dioxide (CO₂), oxygen (O₂), and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) concentrations ranged from ۲۹.۷۰% to ۲۸.۲۶%, ۱.۵۳% to ۱.۸۹%, and ۳.۷۳ to ۱۸.۳ ppm, respectively. Additionally, the biogas produced had the potential to reduce cooking energy costs by approximately ۰.۱۹ USD (۶.۳۷ THB) per day. Furthermore, investing in a fixed-dome biogas digester yielded a return on investment (ROI) of ۵۸.۰% and achieved a break-even point within approximately ۸ months.

کلیدواژه ها:

Biogas ، Green Energy ، Municipal organic wastes ، Rural Household