۴E-Based Performance Comparison of Hybrid PVT-Biomass Furnace Greenhouse Solar Dryers with Rotating Rack Under Different Air Recirculation Modes

This study evaluated the ۴E (energy, exergy, economic, and environmental) performance of hybrid PVT–biomass furnace greenhouse solar dryers with a rotating rack for fish drying. The dryers operated under two modes: with exhaust air recirculation (GHSD-WAR) and without exhaust air recirculation (GHSD-NAR). GHSD-NAR reduced the fish mass from ۸۶.۷۶ kg to ۳۴.۷۴ kg (۲۰% moisture content) in ۹.۹ h at an average drying temperature of ۵۷.۷ °C, while GHSD-WAR achieved similar drying performance, reducing the mass from ۸۷.۱۳ kg to ۳۴.۸۹ kg in ۹.۵۷ h at ۵۸.۲ °C. In terms of energy consumption, GHSD-NAR and GHSD-WAR consumed ۲۶۱.۲۵ kW and ۱۸۰.۵۱ kW, respectively. The average specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) and specific energy consumption (SEC) were ۰.۱۵۲۵ kg/kWh and ۱۲.۰۳۹ kWh/kg, respectively, for GHSD-NAR, and ۰.۲۲۵۳ kg/kWh and ۷.۶۸۹ kWh/kg, respectively, for GHSD-WAR. The average thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency were ۱۲.۳۹% and ۷۴.۴۳%, respectively, for GHSD-NAR, and ۱۸.۴۸% and ۷۵.۴۶%, respectively, for GHSD-WAR. The economic payback period and energy payback time for GHSD-NAR were ۱.۷۳ years and ۱.۰۰۶ years, respectively, while those for GHSD-WAR were ۱.۳۵ years and ۱.۰۰۷ years, respectively. Over a ۱۰-year system lifetime, CO₂ mitigation was estimated at ۱۵۶.۲ tons (worth USD ۴,۸۲۵ in carbon credits) for GHSD-NAR and ۱۶۲.۶ tons (USD ۵,۹۴۴) for GHSD-WAR. The GHSD-WAR system achieved up to ۴۰.۷۷% energy savings compared to GHSD-NAR. Overall, the ۴E analysis results indicated that GHSD-WAR outperformed GHSD-NAR in terms of energy efficiency, economic return, and environmental impact. These findings indicate that GHSD-WAR is potentially a more sustainable drying solution for fish processing.

کلیدواژه ها:

Rotating rack ، Hybrid PVT-Biomass system ، Exhaust air recirculation ، ۴E analysis