Systematics and distribution of the mountain salamanders of the genus Paradactylodon Risch, ۱۹۸۴ (Caudata: Hynobiidae)

The mountain salamanders of the genus Paradactylodon Risch, ۱۹۸۴, from the family Hynobiidae, with three known species, are distributed in Iran and Afghanistan. This study addresses the challenges of classification and habitat status of these mountain salamanders based on previous research as well as our own studies. Based on morphological characteristics, the salamanders living in the mountainous regions of  the Middle East (Iran and Afghanistan) have been placed in the genus Paradactylodon. The genus consists of three species: Paradactylodon mustersi (distributed in northern Afghanistan), P. persicus and P. gorganensis (distributed in northern Iran). The Hyrcanian forests represent a unique Tertiary relict ecosystem covering the northern slopes of the Alborz and Talesh (Iran, Azerbaijan), a unique biodiversity hotspot with many cryptic species that have not been fully studied yet. Since the ۱۹۷۰s, two species of tailed amphibians belonging to the family Hynobiidae, Batrachuperus (later: Paradactylodon), Paradactylodon persicus from northern and northwestern Iran and P. gorganensis from northeastern Iran have been documented. The Iranian stream salamander P. persicus was first reported from the Talesh Mountains, and the Gorganian cave salamander P. gorganensis was later described from the eastern Alborz Mountains. There are two distinct Iranian species of Paradactylodon based on morphological characteristics. Given the conservation values ​​and the numerous threats faced by these endemic species, this taxon is listed on the IUCN Red List due to its sensitivity to habitat loss, drought, and deforestation. Paradactylodon persicus is listed as NT, whereas P. gorganensis is classified as CR.

کلیدواژه ها:

Persian salamander ، Paradactylodon persicus ، P. gorganensis ، Systematics ، Distribution ، habitat ، Iran