The Role of the Companions’ Variant Readings in Interpreting the Expression “min umm” (al-Nisāʾ: ۱۲)

Interpretive differences frequently arise in Qur’anic studies concerning the intended meaning of specific expressions within the revelation. A notable case is found in verse ۱۲ of Sūrat al-Nisāʾ, where, following the phrase “wa lahu akhun aw ukht” (“and he has a brother or a sister”), multiple variant readings (qirāʾāt) are transmitted, including “min umm,” “min al-umm,” “min ummihi,” and “li-ummihi.” This article investigates how these variant readings contribute to clarifying the verse’s meaning, particularly regarding the inheritance rights of maternal siblings. The study also examines how these readings are reflected in both Persian and English translations of the verse. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology and comparing the semantic implications of both canonical and non-canonical readings, the research demonstrates that the syntagmatic axis formed by these readings resolves ambiguities surrounding the inheritance law for maternal kin. This semantic specification underscores that only siblings who share the same mother are entitled to one-sixth of the inheritance, while paternal or full siblings are excluded from this ruling. Furthermore, analysis of classical Persian translations, such as those by Isfarā’īnī and Nasafī, along with select modern translations, reveals interpretive strategies that align with these variant readings, utilizing terms like “maternal,” “ummī,” and “akhyāfī.” Exegetes and jurists have also cited these qirāʾāt as authoritative evidence, though some have considered them interpretive glosses rather than independent readings. The findings of this study offer valuable guidance to translators seeking greater precision and contextual fidelity in rendering this verse.

کلیدواژه ها:

Semantic Specification ، Syntagmatic Relation Axis ، Sūrat al-Nisāʾ ، qirāʾat min umm ، Companions’ variant readings