Analysis of the effect of varying stocking densities and seasonal variations on the growth performance and overall productivity of Arabian yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus arabicus) cultivated in earthen ponds

This study clearly shows how fish growth and overall system productivity interact in Arabian yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus arabicus) cultivated in earthen ponds at different stocking densities (۲, ۳, and ۴ fish/m³). Raising stocking density from ۲ to ۴ fish/m³ did not significantly reduce individual growth rates. However, the higher density led to a significant increase in total pond productivity without affecting survival. Also, the results show that environmental and seasonal factors, not just stocking density, influence fish performance. Fish growth followed a cyclical pattern, strongly linked to seasonal changes in temperature or water quality. These factors outweighed the effects of stocking density during dormancy. Over ۲۶۷ days, three distinct growth phases emerged. From late August to early December, fish showed rapid weight increases, likely due to optimal autumn water temperatures and high metabolic rates. From December to early March, weight gain stopped as cold winter temperatures sharply reduced metabolic rates, appetite, and digestion, halting growth. From early March to early June, rising temperatures allowed fish to resume feeding and compensatory growth. The study recommends using a density of ۴ fish/m³ or higher, with careful growth monitoring. It also advises stopping the farming season before cold months to maximize pond use and productivity, as higher density increases output without harming growth or survival.