Advances in Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers for Early Detection and Management of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Current Evidence and Future Directions

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies, with a low five-year survival rate due to late-stage diagnosis and limited treatment options. Early detection remains a major challenge because of the lack of reliable screening methods and the insufficient diagnostic performance of conventional biomarkers. In recent years, liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising minimally invasive approach for the detection and monitoring of PDAC. Various circulating biomarkers, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), exosomes, microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have demonstrated potential applications in early diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and treatment monitoring. This review summarizes current evidence regarding liquid biopsy biomarkers in PDAC and discusses their clinical significance, advantages, and limitations. Furthermore, the potential role of multimarker approaches in improving diagnostic accuracy is highlighted. Although several challenges remain, liquid biopsy represents a promising strategy for improving the early detection and management of PDAC and may contribute to better clinical outcomes in the future

کلیدواژه ها:

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) ، Liquid Biopsy ، Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) ، Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) ، Exosomes ، Biomarkers ، Early Detection