Optimized Degradation of Azo Dye Carmoisine A via Hexacyanoferrate(III) in the Presence of Iridium Nanoparticles: Kinetic and Mechanistic Insights

The degradation of azo dye Carmoisine A using hexacyanoferrate(III) in the presence of iridium nanoparticles was systematically optimized and studied to understand the underlying kinetic and mechanistic aspects at λmax ۵۱۵ of the reaction mixture by the kinetic-spectrophotometric method.  Various parameters, including catalyst concentration, pH, and temperature, were systematically varied to determine their effects on the degradation rate and efficiency. The degradation process was optimized at a pH of ۷.۵ and a temperature of ۴۰ ± ۰.۱°C. The results reveal that degradation kinetics of Carmoisine A follow first order kinetic model with respect to the concentration of Carmoisine A and iridium nanoparticles, while the reaction adheres to a first-order kinetics at lower concentrations of HCF(III), but tends to zero at higher concentrations. Thus, the study employed kinetic models to analyze the degradation process and identify the rate-determining steps. Various thermodynamic parameters, Ea, ΔS#, ΔF#, ΔH#, and A were also calculated at four different temperatures, viz. ۴۰–۵۵°C. ۴-Hydroxy naphthalene sulphonic acid, ۳- Naphthyl- ۴-hydroxy naphthalene sulphonic acid, ۱-Hydroxy-۲-amino naphthalene, and ۱,۴-Naphthoquinone were identified as major degradation products.This research provides a comprehensive understanding of the optimized conditions for effective degradation of Carmoisine A and highlights the potential of using hexacyanoferrate(III) and iridium nanoparticles in environmental remediation applications. The kinetic and mechanistic findings contribute valuable information for designing more efficient catalytic systems for treating azo dye pollutants.

کلیدواژه ها:

kinetic ، Hexacyanoferrate(III) ions ، Degradation ، Carmoisine A ، Mechanism