Performance and Life Cycle Assessment of Active Fire Protection Systems in Urban Buildings: Balancing Safety and Sustainability

The increasing complexity and density of urban buildings have significantly intensified the need for robust and sustainable fire protection systems that ensure occupant safety and mitigate environmental impacts. This study presents a comprehensive performance and life cycle assessment (LCA) of active fire protection systems, including automatic sprinkler systems, water mist systems, and gas-based suppression systems, applied in urban residential and commercial buildings. The research evaluates critical performance indicators such as detection and response time, suppression efficiency, system reliability, and operational flexibility, alongside environmental metrics including energy consumption, material utilization, carbon footprint, and end-of-life waste. A simulation-based performance evaluation was integrated with standardized LCA methodologies to enable a quantitative and comparative analysis of each system's trade-offs between fire safety and sustainability. Results are summarized in tables and figures, demonstrating that while sprinkler systems exhibit superior suppression efficiency, gas-based systems present lower material consumption but higher operational costs. Water mist systems offer a balanced compromise between efficiency and environmental impact. The analysis highlights the critical interdependence of system performance and lifecycle sustainability, providing a holistic framework for selecting the most suitable fire protection strategy in urban buildings. The findings offer practical guidelines for engineers, architects, and policymakers, emphasizing the importance of data-driven decision-making that optimizes both human safety and environmental responsibility. By integrating fire protection performance with lifecycle impacts, this study contributes to sustainable urban development and establishes a foundation for future research on innovative, environmentally friendly fire suppression technologies.

کلیدواژه ها:

Active Fire Protection Systems ، Life Cycle Assessment ، Fire Safety ، Urban Buildings ، Sustainability ، Performance Evaluation