Space Weather Aware Resilience Engineering Framework for LEO Small Satellite Operations Using Solar Wind and Geomagnetic Risk Indicators

Low Earth orbit small satellites are exposed to dynamic space-weather conditions that can affect spacecraft charging, attitude determination, communication links, orbit prediction, atmospheric drag, power operations, and mission availability. Although space-weather monitoring products are widely available, they are often not directly integrated into small-satellite systems engineering and operational decision-making frameworks. This paper proposes a space-weather-aware resilience engineering framework for LEO small-satellite operations using solar wind and geomagnetic risk indicators. The proposed method converts environmental indicators such as planetary K-index, interplanetary magnetic-field Bz, solar wind speed, proton density, and F۱۰.۷ solar radio flux into an Operational Space Weather Risk Index, R_SW. The risk index is mapped to spacecraft operational states, including Normal, Watch, Caution, Degraded, and Safe Mode. A representative LEO small-satellite mission is used as a case study to demonstrate how environmental data can be linked to operational responses such as payload duty-cycle reduction, communication-window prioritization, orbit-prediction updates, enhanced telemetry monitoring, battery-margin protection, and safe-mode transition. A runnable Python implementation, a sample space-weather dataset, risk-index outputs, state-distribution tables, and publication-ready figures are provided. The framework creates a practical digital thread between heliophysics data products and systems-engineering-based mission resilience for early-phase mission design and operation planning.

کلیدواژه ها:

Space weather ، resilience engineering ، geomagnetic storm ، solar wind ، safe mode