Applications of Plant Tissue Culture in the Field of Medicinal Plants: A Comprehensive Review

Medicinal plants represent a vital reservoir of bioactive secondary metabolites used extensively in pharmacology and traditional medicine. However, the over-exploitation of wild populations and the slow growth rates of many medicinal species pose significant challenges to sustainable supply. Plant tissue culture (PTC) technology has emerged as a transformative solution to these issues. This review explores the diverse applications of PTC in medicinal plant research, including micropropagation for mass clonal production, the production of secondary metabolites through cell suspension cultures, hairy root cultures via Agrobacterium rhizogenes, and the role of bioreactors in scaling up production. Furthermore, we discuss the integration of metabolic engineering and elicitation strategies to enhance bioactive compound yields. This paper highlights how biotechnology can ensure the sustainable production of high-quality medicinal raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry.

کلیدواژه ها:

Plant Tissue Culture ، Medicinal Plants ، Secondary Metabolites ، Micropropagation ، Hairy Root Culture ، Bioreactors ، Secondary Metabolites.