Designing a Hierarchical Model of Economic Corruption Deterrents in ‎the Raw Material and Packaging Supply Chain of Anticancer Drugs ‎Using the ISM–MICMAC Approach ‎ ‎

The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most vulnerable sectors to economic corruption due ‎to its high sensitivity, significant economic value, and direct link to patient health. The present ‎study aims to identify, analyze, and model the causal and structural relationships among ‎economic corruption deterrents in the raw material and packaging supply chain of anticancer ‎drugs using the ISM–MICMAC approach. A mixed-method design was employed: qualitative ‎data were collected through semi-structured interviews with twelve domain experts, followed ‎by quantitative analysis via pairwise ISM questionnaires. The resulting hierarchical model ‎encompasses twenty-three deterrent factors organized across seven levels. MICMAC analysis ‎classified these factors into four clusters: driver, linkage, autonomous, and dependent ‎variables. Findings indicate that independence of regulatory bodies and transparency in ‎procurement tenders constitute the most critical root drivers of the system, while anti-‎corruption organizational culture and whistleblower protection represent key dependent ‎outcomes. The study provides actionable recommendations for policy-makers and industry ‎managers seeking to reduce economic corruption in the anticancer drug supply chain.‎

کلیدواژه ها:

Economic corruption ، pharmaceutical supply chain ، anticancer drugs ، ISM ، MICMAC