Synthesis and Characterization of Co₃O₄ Solid Acid Nanocatalyst and Evaluation of Its Efficiency in a Green Multicomponent Reaction for the Synthesis of Naphtho[۱,۲-e][۱,۳]oxazin-۳-one Derivatives

In this study, cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄) nanoparticles were synthesized and employed as an efficient nanocatalyst for the synthesis of ۱,۳-oxazin-۳-one derivatives. The structure and morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The results indicated that Co₃O₄ nanoparticles with an appropriate crystalline structure and an average size of approximately ۲۴.۳۸ nm were formed. The nanocatalyst was subsequently applied in the multicomponent reaction of aromatic aldehydes, ۲-naphthol, and urea for the synthesis of ۱,۳-oxazin-۳-one derivatives. The reaction was carried out under solvent-free conditions at ۱۲۰ °C, and the desired products were obtained in satisfactory yields. Evaluation of the reaction conditions showed that ۰.۰۵ g of the catalyst afforded the best performance in terms of reaction time and yield. The simplicity of the procedure, the absence of solvent, satisfactory yields, and the use of a heterogeneous catalyst are among the advantages of this method. The results of this study demonstrated that Co₃O₄ nanoparticles can be used as an efficient catalyst consistent with the principles of green chemistry in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds.

کلیدواژه ها:

Co₃O₄ nanoparticles ، nanocatalyst ، Multicomponent reaction ، ۱ ، ۳-Oxazin-۳-one derivatives ، Solvent-free conditions ، Organic synthesis