Uncovering Male Fertility–Modulating Potential of Murraya koenigii through Network Pharmacology and In Silico Targeting of Reproductive Proteins

Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng., commonly known as curry leaf, is widely utilized in traditional medicine and valued for its richness in bioactive compounds, including carbazole alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and essential oils. While its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory activities are well established, its potential role in reproductive biology remains insufficiently studied. This study aimed to investigate the potential of M. koenigii phytochemicals to modulate male fertility by targeting key reproductive proteins and receptors. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses were employed to examine interactions with gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GNRHR), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM), and protamine ۲ (PRM۲). The constructed interaction network revealed biologically relevant associations, particularly the CREM–PRM۲ regulatory axis, which is crucial for spermatogenesis and sperm chromatin remodeling. Docking analyses suggested that selected phytoconstituents possess favorable binding affinities toward gonadotropin-related receptors, supporting their potential to influence the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and downstream transcriptional events. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the traditional use of M. koenigii in reproductive health and highlight its promise as a natural source for developing botanical-based therapeutics in male infertility management.

کلیدواژه ها:

Murraya koenigii ، phytochemicals ، Male Fertility ، spermatogenesis ، CREM ، FSHR