Optimization of Antioxidant Extraction from Moringa oleifera Leaves Using an Integrated OFAT and RSM–CCD Approach

Moringa oleifera leaves are a rich source of phenolic and flavonoid antioxidants; yet, optimisation of conventional water-based extraction is rarely modeled comprehensively. This study integrates one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) screening with response surface methodology–central composite design (RSM-CCD) to determine optimal conditions for maximizing antioxidant yield, quantified using the DPPH assay (mg AAE/g FW). The quadratic model was highly significant (F = ۴۱.۸۸; p < ۰.۰۰۰۱) with strong predictive accuracy (R² = ۰.۹۷۴۲; adj-R² = ۰.۹۵۰۹). The sample-to-solvent ratio was the most influential variable (F = ۲۸۷.۸۵; p < ۰.۰۰۰۱), followed by temperature (F = ۵۸.۷۶; p < ۰.۰۰۰۱), whereas extraction time showed no significant effect. Significant quadratic terms (A², B²) and the AC interaction revealed curvature-driven extraction behavior. Optimal conditions ۸۰ °C, ۱۰ min, and ۱:۲۵ g/mL, yielded ۹.۴۹ mg AAE/g FW. This integrated OFAT–RSM approach provides novel mechanistic insight and a validated, scalable framework for efficient antioxidant extraction.

کلیدواژه ها:

Moringa oleifera ، antioxidant extraction ، optimization ، RSM-CCD ، DPPH