Synthesis of Chitosan Films Incorporated with Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees Extract by Supercritical CO_۲ Technique and Their Biological Activities

In this study, Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees extract was obtained using the supercritical carbon dioxide (CO۲) extraction method, a green and sustainable alternative to conventional solvent-based techniques. Chitosan (CTS) films, both with and without the A. paniculata extract (APE), were prepared using the solution-casting method. The effects of varying APE levels (۱, ۲, and ۳ mL) incorporated into the CTS solution on the films' physical properties, such as color, light transmittance, moisture content, water solubility, and water vapor permeability, were systematically studied. The mechanical properties, including moisture content, swelling degree, and solubility, were also evaluated. Characterization of the synthesized films was conducted using advanced analytical techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Additionally, the biological properties of the films were assessed, focusing on their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as their anti-inflammatory activity. Results revealed that CTS-۲APE and CTS-۳APE films exhibited significantly enhanced antibacterial activity compared to CTS alone, as evidenced by larger inhibition zones. Furthermore, the films containing APE demonstrated superior anti-inflammatory activity against egg albumin denaturation across various concentrations. These findings indicate that the incorporation of APE into CTS films enhances both their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, making them promising candidates for biological activities.

کلیدواژه ها:

Andrographis paniculata ، Supercritical CO۲ ، Chitosan ، biological activities