Investigation of cell growth dynamics, activities of phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes, and rosmarinic acid accumulation in cell suspension cultures of Salvia leriifolia Benth.

Species of the genus Salvia, including Salvia leriifolia Benth., are recognized as important sources of phenolic acids, which have generated increasing interest in enhancing their production through plant tissue and cell culture technologies. This study aimed to characterize biomass accumulation, key enzymatic activities, and metabolite biosynthesis during the cell growth cycle of S. leriifolia. Leaf explants were used to establish cell suspension cultures, and a medium containing ۱۵ µM BA and ۲۰ µM NAA was identified as the optimal hormone treatment for promoting cell proliferation. Over a five-week culture period, cell biomass, total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity (DPPH, IC₅₀), PAL and TAT enzyme activities, and rosmarinic acid content were assessed at weekly intervals. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, and data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by mean comparison tests. Significant differences were observed among treatments at p < ۰.۰۵ and p < ۰.۰۱. The results indicated that the growth curve of the suspension cells followed a typical sigmoidal pattern, with the highest biomass observed at the end of the fourth week (Day ۲۸). Cell viability gradually declined from approximately ۹۸% in the first week (day ۷) to nearly ۸۰% by the fifth week (day ۳۵). The maximum levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were recorded in the third week (day ۲۱). Similarly, total protein content, as well as peak PAL and TAT activities during the third and fourth weeks (days ۲۱ and ۲۸), coincided with the highest accumulation of rosmarinic acid (۴۲.۶۹ mg g⁻¹ DW). Overall, these findings provide a solid basis for optimizing rosmarinic acid production in plant cell culture systems through targeted hormonal regulation, improved culture conditions, and supplementation with biosynthetic pathway precursors.

کلیدواژه ها:

Cell suspension culture ، Phenylpropanoid ، Rosmarinic acid ، Salvia leriifolia ، رزمارینیک اسید ، سوسپانسیون سلولی ، فنیل پروپانوئید ، نوروزک