A Comparative Multivariate Analysis of Conventional, Blended, and Technology-Enhanced Project-Based Language Learning on Iranian EFL Learners’ Speaking Anxiety and Speaking Self-Efficacy

This study investigates the comparative effects of three instructional approaches—conventional teaching, blended language learning (BLL), and technology-enhanced project-based language learning (TEPBLL)—on Iranian EFL learners’ speaking anxiety and speaking self-efficacy. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design, participants were assigned to one of three groups, each receiving a distinct pedagogical intervention: a teacher-centered, grammar-based curriculum (conventional), a hybrid of face-to-face and online instruction (BLL), or digitally mediated, collaborative project-based tasks (TEPBLL). Pre- and post-tests measured speaking anxiety and self-efficacy, with data analyzed using a one-way MANCOVA, controlling for baseline scores. Results revealed significant differences among groups (Wilks' Lambda =.۲۷۳, F = ۱۲۰.۴۴۹, p <.۰۰۱, partial eta squared =.۴۷۷). BLL demonstrated the greatest reduction in speaking anxiety (mean difference vs. conventional: -۱۱.۱۶۵, p <.۰۰۱) and the highest increase in self-efficacy (mean difference vs. conventional: -۱۹.۵۵۶, p <.۰۰۱), followed by TEPBLL, with conventional methods showing the least impact. These findings underscore the efficacy of learner-centered, technology-integrated pedagogies in mitigating affective barriers to speaking development. BLL’s balanced structure and TEPBLL’s authentic tasks outperformed traditional approaches, aligning with prior research on digital tools’ role in reducing anxiety and enhancing confidence. Limitations include the lack of random assignment and generalizability beyond Iranian EFL contexts. The study advocates for integrating BLL and TEPBLL in EFL curricula to foster emotional and linguistic growth, with implications for educators and policymakers.

کلیدواژه ها:

Multivariate Analysis ، Conventional ، Technology-Enhanced Project-Based ، Blended Language Learning ، Speaking