Rumination status in mental disorders and in interaction with superego and metacognition

Rumination is a set of passive thoughts that are repetitive, focus on the causes and consequences of symptoms, prevent problem solving, and lead to increased negative thoughts (Nolen-Hoxma & Davies, ۱۹۹۹). This type of thinking is observed in some emotional disorders such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (Papajorgio & Wells, ۲۰۰۷). Three subgroups including normal (۲۰۶), obsessive-compulsive (n = ۵۰) people, antisocial people who have committed economic crimes (n = ۵۰) and who have committed non-economic crimes (n = ۵۰). Sampling in all three studies was in available and voluntary way. The tool used in this study was: rumination test. The statistical test used is the ANOVA test. In this study, we intend to investigate Rumination status in mental disorders and in interaction with superego and metacognition. The results showed that rumination in obsessive-compulsive and antisocial individuals who have committed non-economic crimes was higher than other groups. Rumination is as low as possible in antisocial people who have committed economic crimes and ordinary people. The results also showed that superego was more severe in antisocial individuals than in normal and obsessive-compulsive individuals. At the same time, metacognition is weaker in obsessive-compulsive individuals than in normal and antisocial individuals who have committed economic crimes. The analysis of the results shows that the combination of poor metacognition and intense superego creates the most rumination, like what was seen in antisocial people who have committed violent (non-economic) crimes. Poor metacognition alone is the most important factor in the formation of rumination in patients, as seen in obsessive-compulsive patients; however, strong superego is a facilitator in these patients. Finally, rumination and repetitive thoughts in the context of poor metacognition and relatively strong superego have the best chance of emerging. Rumination can be thought of as a mental effort to compensate for inability and weakness in metacognition and subjective awareness to manage unwanted impulses resulting from severe (antisocial) or even moderate (obsessive compulsive disorder) impulsivity. Those with sufficient metacognition and mental self-awareness, these impulses, however severe and indeed dangerous, can be ignored. As antisocial people easily commit crime and continue to commit it.

کلیدواژه ها:

Metacognition ، superego ، rumination ، obsessive-compulsive Patients ، antisocial Patients