Arrangment mode influence on the pulsating heat pipe thermal behavior designed for electric vehicles battery thermal management

In electric vehicles, the configuration of battery cells is crucial in determining their performance and safety. This research performs a numerical analysis to assess the effect of orientation on the thermal performance of a three-dimensional double-turn closed-loop pulsating heat pipe (DT-CL-PHP), specifically designed for cylindrical lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles. The analysis examines various positioning modes, including vertical pulsating heat pipe (V-PHP), horizontal pulsating heat pipe (H-PHP), and inclined pulsating heat pipe (I-PHP). Numerical simulations are carried out using Fluent software, which employs the two-phase volume of fluid (VOF) model. R-۴۱۰A refrigerant is chosen as the working fluid with a FR = ۵۰%. In the cases of H-PHP and I-PHP, the simulation does not demonstrate any oscillating motion, which ultimately results in the malfunctioning of the PHP. In a V-PHP, after the formation of vapor bubbles and the resulting increase in pressure within the evaporator section, the liquid phase starts to display oscillatory behavior. In the H-PHP and I-PHP modes, there was no development of flow, suggesting that flow circulation did not take place during the entire simulation period. In contrast, the V-PHP mode showed the first signs of flow circulation at t=۱۸ s. The average thermal resistance (TR) values for the three modes, I-PHP, H-PHP, and V-PHP, are calculated to be ۴.۴۷, ۳.۵۵, and ۲.۱۹ K W¹, respectively. Transitioning from the I-PHP and H-PHP modes to the V-PHP mode results in a reduction in TR by ۵۰.۹% and ۳۸.۲%, respectively.

کلیدواژه ها:

Pulsating heat pipe (PHP) ، Thermal behavior ، Arrangment mode ، Electric vehicles (EVs) ، Thermal management system (TMS)