NVH Advances in Electric Vehicle Powertrains

The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) has fundamentally altered the automotive noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) landscape. The absence of internal combustion engine noise unmasks previously subordinate high-frequency tonal noises from the powertrain, creating new acoustic challenges that directly impact perceived quality. This literature review synthesizes recent advances in managing EV powertrain NVH, identifying electromagnetic forces (e.g., torque ripple, radial forces), gear transmission error, and power inverter switching noise as the dominant excitation sources. The analysis reveals that integrated multiphysics simulation methodologies-coupling electromagnetic, structural, and acoustic domains have become the cornerstone of predictive NVH design. Techniques such as finite element analysis (FEA), multi-body dynamics (MBD), and transfer path analysis (TPA) enable system-level optimization, with leading studies reporting over ۹۰% correlation with experimental validation. Effective mitigation employs a holistic approach combining design-led optimization (e.g., rotor skewing, gear micro-geometry), advanced materials and damping, and active control strategies. However, inherent trade-offs between NVH, efficiency, and cost persist. Critical research gaps remain, particularly in high-frequency model validation, standardized psychoacoustic evaluation of sound quality, and addressing NVH from emerging technologies like axial flux motors. Future efforts must prioritize closing these gaps to fully achieve the refinement potential of electric mobility.

کلیدواژه ها:

Electric Vehicle ، Powertrain ، NVH ، Electromagnetic Noise ، Multi-Physics Simulation ، Vibration Mitigation ، Sound Quality