Continuous flow injection analysis based on NAG-۴SX۳-۳D analyzer for the determination of copper using solid particulate precipitate with calcium hexacyanoferrate and validation by UV-Spectrophotometry and F-AAS

This study introduces a novel flow injection analysis (FIA) method for rapid, accurate detection of Cu(II) ions using calcium hexacyanoferrate and potassium chloride. Using the NAG-۴SX۳-۳D Analyzer, the sensor's energy response was evaluated, yielding consistent and reliable results. The study established a linear range for copper(II) detection from ۰.۰۰۵ mM to ۵.۰ mM (۰.۳۱۸-۳۱۷.۷۵ mg L-۱), with a low relative standard deviation (RSD%) of less than ۰.۲۳% at ۱.۵ mM and ۴.۵ mM across nine replicates. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be ۱۲.۹۰۱ ng per sample (۱۲.۹۰۱ µgL-۱ based on a ۱.۰ mL injection) through progressive dilution analysis, using the minimum concentration on the calibration curve. Detector FIA was photometric/turbidimetric at ۶۲۰ nm (bandpass ~۱۰ nm). The linear dynamic range (LDR) showed a strong correlation (r = ۰.۹۸۵۳) and a high coefficient of determination (R² = ۹۹.۰۷). A comparison with the traditional UV-spectrophotometric method at λmax = ۲۹۶nm underscored the technique's heightened sensitivity, efficient use of chemicals, and superior results. Additionally, the accuracy of the copper concentration results in the samples was validated using UV spectrophotometry and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS) after dilution, with a calibration range of ۰.۰۵–۵.۰ mg L⁻¹.

کلیدواژه ها:

Flow injection analysis ، copper ، NAG-۴SX۳-۳D analyzer ، Calcium hexacyanoferrate (II) ، UV-spectrophotometry ، Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy