A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis: Impact of Emergency Department Nursing Interventions on Patient Safety and Clinical Outcomes:

Background: Emergency departments (EDs) represent high-acuity, high-volume environments where nursing interventions critically influence patient safety and clinical outcomes. Despite the central role of emergency nurses, the aggregate evidence supporting specific nursing interventions remains fragmented.Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the effectiveness of ED nursing interventions on patient safety indicators and clinical outcomes, including infection rates, medication administration safety, pain management efficiency, waiting times, and hospital readmission rates.Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL from inception to May ۲۰۲۶. Randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and observational studies evaluating nurse-led interventions in ED settings were included. A random-effects meta-analysis conducted using Stata ۱۶.۰. Heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics, and publication bias evaluated via funnel plots and Egger's test.Results: Twenty-nine studies (N=۱۲,۸۴۷ patients) met inclusion criteria. Nursing interventions significantly reduced healthcare-associated infections (OR=۰.۶۹, ۹۵% CI: ۰.۶۵-۰.۷۴, p<۰.۰۰۱), medication administration errors (RR=۰.۵۸, ۹۵% CI: ۰.۴۷-۰.۷۱, p<۰.۰۰۱), and time-to-analgesia administration (SMD=-۱.۲۴, ۹۵% CI: -۱.۶۷ to -۰.۸۱, p<۰.۰۰۱). Emergency department length of stay was reduced by approximately ۲۵ minutes (۹۵% CI: -۳۲.۴ to -۱۷.۶, p<۰.۰۰۱). Hand hygiene protocols demonstrated the greatest infection reduction efficacy (OR=۰.۶۲, ۹۵% CI: ۰.۵۷-۰.۶۸).Conclusions: Emergency department nursing interventions substantially improve patient safety and clinical outcomes across multiple domains. Standardizing evidence-based nursing protocols, particularly for infection control and medication administration represents a high-yield strategy for enhancing emergency care quality.

کلیدواژه ها:

Emergency nursing ، patient safety ، Nursing Interventions ، clinical outcomes ، Meta-analysis