Evaluation of Antipyretic Activity of Ethanol, Ethyl Acetate, and <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">n-Butanol Extracts of Pometia pinnata Fruit Peel

Fever is a regulated biological response to infection and inflammation, characterized by an elevation in body temperature mediated by endogenous pyrogens. Although synthetic antipyretics such as paracetamol are effective, prolonged use may cause adverse effects, prompting the search for safer, plant-derived alternatives. This study evaluated the antipyretic activity of Pometia pinnata fruit peel extracts prepared using three solvents of different polarity (ethanol, n-butanol, and ethyl acetate) under ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE; ۴۰ kHz, ۲۰ min, ۲۵ °C). Antipyretic activity was assessed in male Wistar rats using a brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia model (eleven groups; n = ۶ per group) at doses of ۱۲۵, ۲۵۰, and ۵۰۰ mg/kg BW, with rectal temperature recorded every ۳۰ min for ۴ h. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (Tukey) at each time point and two-way ANOVA (Sidak) to evaluate dose, time, and interaction effects (p<۰.۰۵). Phytochemical screening showed that the ethanol extract (EEPP) contained saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, terpenoids, and triterpenoids; the n-butanol extract (NBPP) contained alkaloids, terpenoids, and steroids; and the ethyl acetate extract (ETPP) contained flavonoids, phenolics, and steroids. All extracts exhibited significant dose- and time-dependent antipyretic activity. The highest percentage of fever reduction was achieved by ETPP (۸۹.۵۲ ± ۱۵.۲۸%), followed by NBPP (۸۹.۱۲ ± ۷.۹۰%) and EEPP (۷۱.۹۳ ± ۶.۰۷%). These findings indicate that Pometia pinnata fruit peel has strong antipyretic potential, and the antipyretic activity profile is influenced by extraction solvent polarity.

کلیدواژه ها:

Pometia pinnata ، Antipyretic ، Fruit peel ، solvent polarity ، Ultrasound-assisted extraction