BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The global move toward sustainability, supported by national plans like Saudi Vision ۲۰۳۰, requires the combination of new technologies with environmental planning. The analysis of big data has the potential to enhance environmental performance; however, the precise methods by which it contributes to establishing a green competitive advantage remain largely unclear. This is especially true for the renewable energy sector during changing market conditions. The study objectives were to explain the connections between big data analytics and green competitive advantage. This study investigates the direct impact of big data analytics on achieving a green competitive advantage, while also exploring the contributions of green supply chain management and green human resource management in this relationship. It also tests how market turbulence changes these relationships within Saudi Arabia’s renewable energy industry.METHODS: A quantitative method was used. Data were collected via questionnaire given to ۴۲۰ employees working in Saudi renewable energy companies. The conceptual framework for the study is established utilizing the resource-based view in conjunction with capabilities theory. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was applied to assess direct, mediating, and moderating effects simultaneously.FINDING: The analysis indicate that big data analytics have a substantial positive direct influence on competitive green advantage, while also enhancing both green human resource management and green supply chain management. Green human resource management significantly mediates the relationship between big data analytics and green competitive advantage, whereas green supply chain management exhibits a negative mediating effect, suggesting implementation-related challenges in the studied context. Furthermore, market turbulence strengthens the relationship between green supply chain management and green competitive advantage, while weakening the relationship between green human resource management and green competitive advantage.CONCLUSION: The findings confirm that big data analytics represents a critical organizational capability for achieving a competitive green advantage; however, its effectiveness depends on the nature of internal green management practices and external market conditions. The study highlights the importance of aligning digital investments with robust green human resource strategies while carefully reassessing green supply chain initiatives. These insights provide practical guidance for managers and policymakers seeking to leverage data-driven technologies to support sustainability objectives in line with Saudi Vision ۲۰۳۰.