Artificial Intelligence in Public Health: A Review of Healthcare Systems and Disease Prevention

Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly emerged as a transformative technology in healthcare and public health systems. Recent advances in machine learning, deep learning, predictive analytics, and natural language processing have created new opportunities for improving disease prevention, early diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, and healthcare management. This narrative review aims to examine the role of AI in strengthening public health systems and enhancing preventive healthcare strategies.A review of recent scientific literature published between ۲۰۲۲ and ۲۰۲۶ was conducted to evaluate the current applications of AI in public health. Findings indicate that AI technologies can significantly improve the early detection of communicable and non-communicable diseases, optimize healthcare resource allocation, support clinical decision-making, and enhance disease surveillance systems. AI-based predictive models have demonstrated high accuracy in identifying diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and infectious diseases before the onset of severe clinical symptoms. In addition, AI-driven surveillance systems have improved the ability of health organizations to monitor outbreaks and respond more effectively to public health emergencies.Despite these advantages, several barriers limit the widespread implementation of AI in healthcare systems. Major concerns include data privacy, ethical challenges, algorithmic bias, inadequate infrastructure, and limited technical expertise among healthcare professionals. Effective governance, transparent regulatory frameworks, and interdisciplinary collaboration are therefore essential for the responsible integration of AI into public health practice.In conclusion, AI has the potential to transform healthcare systems from reactive models into predictive and preventive approaches. Responsible and evidence-based implementation of AI technologies can contribute substantially to improving population health, healthcare efficiency, and disease prevention outcomes.

کلیدواژه ها:

Artificial Intelligence ، Public Health ، Disease Prevention ، Predictive Analytics ، Healthcare Systems ، Machine Learning