Advancements and Future Directions in Ornamental Birds Radiology: Integrating High-Resolution Digital Imaging, Artificial Intelligence, and Three-Dimensional Modalities

Background/Objective: Ornamental birds have always posed special diagnostic challenges in veterinary medicine due to their unique physiological characteristics, small size, and high sensitivity. Radiology, as one of the main diagnostic tools, plays a vital role in identifying skeletal, respiratory, and gastrointestinal diseases in these animals. However, the limitations of conventional radiographic techniques have highlighted the need to develop more accurate and less invasive methods. This review aims to systematically assess future developments in radiology for ornamental birds, with a focus on emerging technologies and a roadmap for enhancing diagnostic accuracy. Methodology: This study was conducted as a systematic review by searching reputable scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Keywords used included "avian radiology", "diagnostic imaging", "ornamental birds", "digital radiography", "CT scan", and "artificial intelligence". The inclusion criteria for studies were a focus on advanced imaging technologies and their application in avian medicine during the period from ۲۰۱۰ to ۲۰۲۴. Relevant data were extracted, categorized, and qualitatively analyzed. Results: The analysis of studies suggests that the future of radiology in ornamental birds will be based on a complete transition to digital, replacing traditional methods with high-resolution digital radiography systems, which will significantly reduce radiation dose, improve image quality, and enable digital processing. The increasing use of ۳D modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) and especially micro-CT, has established itself as the gold standard for diagnosing delicate fractures, sinus diseases, and internal abnormalities, due to their ability to provide exceptionally detailed cross-sectional images of the complex anatomy of birds. AI algorithms can automatically evaluate radiographic images, detect aberrant patterns (such as pneumonia and stratum corneum dilatation) with high accuracy, and serve as an assistant to veterinarians. This is accomplished through the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with diagnostic software, resulting in a decrease in the number of mistakes caused by humans and a uniformity in the interpretation of images. Conclusion: The future of radiography in ornamental birds is going to be technologically advanced, three-dimensional, and AI. The convergence of these technologies will not only increase diagnostic accuracy to an unprecedented degree but also make it possible to screen for diseases early, plan surgical procedures with greater precision, and ultimately improve the quality of life for these birds. Additionally, it is vital to invest in the training of veterinarians to utilize these technologies and develop specialized imaging techniques for small birds as the next step in this approach.

کلیدواژه ها:

Ornamental avian radiology ، diagnostic imaging ، computed tomography (CT) ، artificial intelligence ، digital radiography