Transformation of Tree Leaves in the Hyrcanian Forests of Mazandaran, Iran: Environmental and Climatic Impacts

The Hyrcanian forests in Mazandaran Province, Iran, represent one of the most ancient and ecologically significant ecosystems in the world. These forests are characterized by diverse tree species whose leaves predominantly exhibit a hyperbolic saddle-like geometry, an adaptation that maximizes carbon dioxide absorption and optimizes photosynthesis. Recent observations indicate a gradual alteration in the geometrical structure of tree leaves, possibly due to environmental stressors and climate-induced genetic drift. This transformation, though subtle in form, leads to a significant decrease in carbon absorption efficiency, which in turn disrupts the balance of the ecosystem. Reduced carbon sequestration may contribute to localized climate change, increased atmospheric CO۲, loss of biodiversity, and the emergence of extreme weather events, including devastating floods. The objective of this paper is to analyze, through a content analysis methodology, the environmental and climatic implications of geometrical changes in tree leaves in the Hyrcanian forests. This study emphasizes the interconnectedness of micro-level botanical changes with macro-scale environmental consequences, urging for targeted ecological monitoring and conservation strategies.

کلیدواژه ها:

Hyrcanian forests ، leaf morphology ، climate change ، carbon sequestration ، Mazandaran ecosystem