Background:
Robotic surgery has revolutionized surgical practice by improving accuracy and reducing patient recovery duration. Nonetheless, its intricacy necessitates sophisticated training for operating room (OR) teams, including surgeons, nurses, and anesthetists. Simulation technologies have become essential instruments in training, offering a safe setting for skill development. This systematic study examines the influence of simulation technologies on instructing operating room teams in robotic surgery, emphasizing their efficacy in enhancing technical skills, team communication, and patient safety. Materials and Methods: We performed an extensive search in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases without time limitation until ۲۰۲۴. Keywords encompassed "robotic surgery," "simulation training," and "operating room team”. The inclusion criteria comprised studies assessing simulation technologies for robotic surgery training, focusing on outcomes pertaining to skill acquisition, team performance, or patient safety. Studies concentrating exclusively on non-robotic surgery or devoid of empirical data were excluded. The Cochrane Risk of Bias ۲ tool was utilized to evaluate bias, and data synthesis was conducted by narrative and quantitative analysis, if appropriate. Results: Twenty-one studies with ۱,۲۵۷ people fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Simulation techniques encompassed virtual reality, augmented reality, and tactile task simulators. The majority of research indicated substantial enhancements in technical skill, with ۱۵ studies showing decreased task completion times and mistake rates (۹۵% CI: -۲۲% to -۳۵%). Eight studies emphasized improved team collaboration and communication, whereas five associated simulation training with less surgical complications in clinical environments. The risk of bias was low in twelve trials, moderate in six, and high in three. The variability in study designs prevented a meta-analysis for all outcomes. Conclusion: Simulation technologies markedly augment robotic surgery training, enhancing technical proficiency, collaboration, and patient safety within operating room teams. The inconsistency in training processes and evaluation criteria highlights the necessity for uniform methods. Subsequent study ought to concentrate on longitudinal studies to assess the enduring effects of simulation training and its incorporation into certification programs. Simulation-based training must be fundamental to the preparation of the operating room team for robotic surgery, guaranteeing excellent patient outcomes and operational efficiency.
