Background: Precision medicine uses genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors to more accurately diagnose and treat disease in specific groups of patients and is considered one of the most promising medical endeavors of our time. As epidemiological datasets continue to burgeon in size and complexity, powerful methods such as statistical machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) become necessary to interpret and develop prognostic models from underlying data. The aim of this study is to systematically examine the role of AI in the advancement of personalized medicine. Materials and Methods: A review was performed independently by two people based on the PICO criteria and aligned to the research objective and based on the PRISMA checklist and using PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, SID databases Google Scholar search engine, and Boolean operators. The time limit between ۲۰۱۸ and ۲۰۲۴ was determined using the MESH keywords "Artificial Intelligence", "Personalized Medicine" and "Machine Learning." After checking the entry and exit criteria and critically evaluating the quality of the selected articles, a total of ۹ articles were included in the study. Results: The results of the studies show the basis for the application of AI in personalized medicine is based on clinical data, genetic information, and imaging. In addition, AI predicts dynamic changes and treatment responses through data analysis in a sustainable and continuous manner. Also, by entering genetic and basic information of individuals, it is able to predict diseases with high accuracy and sensitivity, which can provide a preventive and diagnostic program specific to each individual. Among the main challenges of AI is the availability of sufficiently large datasets with good quality and representative information. Conclusion: Data generalizability, legal challenges, and ethical questions are increasingly important in the practical application of AI. It is also recommended that more studies be conducted on the cost-benefit basis of the use of AI in personalized medicine. It should be kept in mind that AI is an auxiliary assistant in personalized medicine and does not replace humans. Further research is needed to improve the method and determine the full clinical applicability of new AI approaches.
