A Structural Model of the Relationship between Glückschmerz and Personality Traits: The Mediating Role of Virtual Space Use Among Students in Hamedan

Introduction: This study aimed to examine a structural model explaining the relationships between personality traits and Glückschmerz, with the mediating role of virtual space use among high school students in Hamedan.Method: The statistical population consisted of all upper‑secondary students during the ۲۰۲۴-۲۰۲۵ academic year. A total sample of ۴۰۰ participants was selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Measurement instruments included the NEO Five‑Factor Inventory (NEO‑FFI), the Virtual Space Usage Scale, and the Glückschmerz Scale. The validity and reliability of the instruments were confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability, and convergent validity indices. Data analysis was performed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‑SEM) in SmartPLS ۴.Results: Goodness‑of‑fit statistics indicated an acceptable model fit (GOF = ۰.۷۱۲, Q² = ۰.۲۱۵). Path analyses showed significant direct effects of personality traits on virtual space use (β = ۰.۴۷) and Glückschmerz (β = ۰.۲۶), as well as a direct effect of virtual space on Glückschmerz (β = ۰.۵۲). Mediation tests revealed that virtual space transmitted a significant indirect effect of personality traits on Glückschmerz (β_indirect = ۰.۲۴۴, CI [۰.۱۸۱, ۰.۳۱۲]).Conclusion: These findings suggest that personality traits substantially shape patterns of digital engagement, which, in turn, may intensify complex social emotions such as Glückschmerz in adolescents.

کلیدواژه ها:

Personality Traits ، Virtual Space ، Gl&uuml ، ckschmerz