The effect of different treatments of silica, nanosilica, and essential elements on improving germination and growth of wheat seedlings under salt stress

Wheat is a strategic crop worldwide. According to the daily increasing of salinity stress in agricultural lands, the application of safe, environmentally friendly methods and nanotechnology in cropping science is critical, so in the present study the effect of silicon, nanosilicon and essential elements treatments was investigated on amelioration of the harmful effects of salinity stress on wheat. In the present study, the effect of distilled water (control), silica (۱۰۰ ppm), nanosilica (۵۰۰ ppm) and essential elements (۱۰۰ ppm) treatments on wheat seeds under salinity stress accompanied by ۰ (distilled water) and ۱۰۰ mM sodium chloride was investigated in petri dishe in a randomized block design. The results showed that salinity stress reduced wheat seed germination through reducing alpha-amylase activity, increasing starch content and no changes in the amount of soluble sugars available to seed embryo. Silicon, nanosilicon and essential elements treatments increased alpha-amylase activity, hydrolysis of starch to soluble sugars and consequently increased seed germination. Salinity stress reduced seedling growth, while different treatments improved the growth of salinity-stressed seedlings. Salinity stress damaged photosynthetic pigments, reduced carbohydrates production, reduced proteins and induced membrane lipids peroxidation through increasing H۲O۲ production and reduction of catalase activity. Silicon, nanosilicon and essential elements treatments reduced H۲O۲ accumulation through increasing the non-enzymatic antioxidants (phenols, anthocyanins, flavonoids, carotenoids and proline) and enzymatic antioxidants (catalase), and total antioxidant capacity (FRAP), followed by an increase in chlorophylls a and b, water soluble carbohydrates, proteins, and reduced membrane lipid peroxidation in salinity-stressed wheat seeds. According to the reduction of H۲O۲ and inhibition of membrane lipid peroxidation, and an increase in germination and growth, it can be concluded that the treatments reduced the adverse effects of stress on wheat and improved the physiological mechanisms in the plant, while nanosilicon was the most effective treatment.

کلیدواژه ها:

Antioxidants ، Germination Process ، Membrane Lipid Peroxidation ، Nanosilica ، Wheat ، آنتی اکسیدانت ها ، پراکسیداسیون لیپیدهای غشاء ، فرایند جوانه زنی ، گندم ، نانوسیلیس