Protective effects auraptene alone and in combination with estradiol on intestine injury induced by traumatic brain injury in male rats: The role of oxidative stress

Objective: This investigation aimed to evaluate how varying doses of auraptene (AUR) alone and in combination with estradiol (E۲) on various parameters after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats.Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into twelve groups, including a sham group and eleven TBI groups. The TBI groups consisted of three vehicle groups (DMSO, Oil, and DMSO+Oil), an E۲ group, three AUR groups with varying doses (۴, ۸, and ۲۵ mg/kg), and three combination groups of AUR and E۲ (AUR ۴+E۲, AUR ۸+E۲, and AUR ۲۵+E۲).AUR was administered for five consecutive days) ip). TBI was induced ۳۰ minutes after the last injection on the fifth day.E۲ and Oil were injected ۳۰ minutes post-TBI.Results: AUR at ۲۵ mg/kg and in combination with E۲ significantly reduced brain water content. Nitric Oxide (NO) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were lower in AUR ۸ and ۲۵, and all AUR+E۲ groups. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and Catalase (CAT) activity increased in all AUR+E۲ groups. TBI increased interleukin-۱β (IL-۱β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels in the intestine, which were reduced by AUR alone and AUR+E۲Conclusion: These findings support AUR, particularly with E۲, as a promising therapeutic strategy for managing oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue damage in TBI cases.

کلیدواژه ها:

TBI ، Auraptene ، Estrogen ، Oxidative stress ، Neuroprotection