Impact of Empowerment Based Nursing Education on Medication Adherence and Glycemic Control in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Despite the growing emphasis on patient-centered care in obstetrics, traditional GDM education programs often fail to integrate empowerment principles, focusing instead on one-way information delivery and compliance monitoring. This shortfall may contribute to persistent gaps in adherence and suboptimal glycemic outcomes in pregnant women with GDM. Accordingly, there is a critical need for rigorously designed clinical trials to evaluate the effectiveness of structured, empowerment-based nursing education for this high-risk population. Methods: In ۲۰۲۴, this parallel group randomized clinical trial at Urmia University of Medical Sciences enrolled ۸۰ pregnant women with GDM. Participants were randomized to empowerment based nursing education plus routine care or routine care alone. Primary outcomes were medication adherence and glycemic control, measured over eight weeks, analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA (p < ۰.۰۵). Results: Compared with controls, the intervention group showed greater increases in MMAS ۸ scores (+۲.۱ ± ۱.۰ vs. +۰.۷ ± ۰.۸, p < ۰.۰۰۱), and greater reductions in FBG (–۱۰.۶ mg/dL, p < ۰.۰۰۱), ۲hPPG (–۲۲.۳ mg/dL, p < ۰.۰۰۱), and HbA۱c (–۰.۶%, p < ۰.۰۰۱). Significant improvements were also observed in self efficacy and GDM knowledge scores (p < ۰.۰۰۱). Conclusion: This randomized clinical trial demonstrated that empowerment based nursing education significantly improved medication adherence, glycemic control (FBG, ۲hPPG, HbA۱c), self efficacy, and GDM knowledge among pregnant women with gestational diabetes.

کلیدواژه ها:

Empowerment Based ، Nursing Education ، Gestational diabetes mellitus ، Medication Adherence