Ethics and Patient Communication through an Educational Perspective

Background: Clinical medical ethics deals with ethical issues in the realm of clinical practice, which are defined by the four ethical principles (respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice) and, alongside professional communication, are used to maintain and enhance good medical practices. Objectives: Emphasizing the educational importance of patient-centered communication in healthcare within the realm of clinical ethics, utilizing classical, innovative, and technology-based models. Methods: A comprehensive and in-depth review of sources, focusing on the latest systematic review articles and randomized controlled trials obtained by searching databases such as Web of Science. Discussion: Effective communication in healthcare encompasses patient-centeredness using verbal and non-verbal techniques. Emerging technologies influenced by the pandemic, including the use of video conferences, chatbots, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality in communication, have impacted participant satisfaction and represent transformative innovation in medical education. The approaches used for ethical issues, including the ICE model (Ideas, Concerns, Expectations) for consultation, the SPIKES model for breaking bad news, Shared Decision-Making (SDM) for informed consent, DNR orders for cases of medical futility, de-escalation tactics for anger, and a combined approach for disasters, were all identified as effective through patient-centered communication. Conclusion: Resolving ethical issues requires the implementation of systematic or technology-based and evidence-based approaches that use context-specific patient-centered communication, an approach that should be built upon training healthcare professionals with a learner-centered focus. Practical Implications: Contributing to patient-centered communication training requires institutional support, strengthened through the development of innovative simulation-based educational strategies. However, more outcome-based studies on telehealth and artificial intelligence are still needed.

کلیدواژه ها:

Medical Ethics ، Patient-Centered Communication ، Autonomy ، Medical Consultation ، Breaking Bad News