THE EFFECTS OF COGNITIVE AND MOTOR INTERVENTIONS ON EXECUTIVE FUNCTION IN ELDERLY :SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the positive impacts of cognitive, motor, and integrated cognitive-motor interventions on executive functions in adults aged ۶۰ and above, with a focus on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and current meta-analyses.Methods: Randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews/meta-analyses of executive functioning in healthy older adults or those with MCI or dementia were selected using PRISMA guidelines. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis evaluated source data. To calculate random or fixed-effects effect sizes, Hedges' g was used. Global executive function trumped working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. My heterogeneity was measured. Testing pub bias with funnel plots and other methods. RoB ۲, ROBINS-I, and AMSTAR ۲ were used in RCTs and quality/risk-of-bias evaluations. Cognitive and motor therapies, especially integrated ones, improve older persons' executive skills. Dual-tasking programs work but require maintenance. High-quality RCTs with longer follow-up and standardized outcomes should guide future research.Results: Combined cognitive-motor therapies had the greatest impact on executive functioning (P < ۰.۰۰۱). Tai Chi, a motor intervention, showed moderate gains (P < ۰.۰۱). Cognitive therapies showed reduced effects (P < ۰.۰۵). The study found significant heterogeneity (I² = ۶۵-۸۵%), largely explained by duration (>۱۲ weeks) and intensity (moderate). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were done as needed. In funnel plots, publication bias was absent. Quality assessments demonstrated [overall/variable] bias in the included studies.Conclusion: Older adults' executive skills improve with cognitive and motor therapies, especially integrated ones. Dual-task programs perform best, but their durability needs further study.

کلیدواژه ها:

Older adults ، Executive function ، Cognitive intervention ، Motor intervention ، meta-analysis