Prediction and Optimization of Viscosity of Ethylene Glycol based ZnO Nanofluids using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Since nanofluid science is still fairly new, the properties of numerous nanofluids have not been fully studied. Consequently, equations for precise calculations in this field are not yet available. The present research predicts the viscosity ratio (VISR) of stabilized ethylene glycol-based ZnO nanofluids using the response surface methodology (RSM). This research was conducted under experimental conditions, utilizing solid volume fractions (SVF) ranging from SVF=۰.۰۱% to SVF=۰.۱۵%, and temperatures between T=۲۰°C and T=۶۰°C. Various models were assessed according to a set of quality indicators and plots. Upon reviewing the quality indicators and plots for various models, the cubic model was determined to be the most suitable option. The values of standard deviation (std.dev), coefficient of determination (R۲) and coefficient of variation (C.V) for the cubic model were ۰.۰۰۶۰, ۰.۹۸۳۱, and ۰.۵۴۲۶, respectively. Also, the adjusted R۲ and predicted R۲ parameters of the cubic model were equal to ۰.۹۶۷۹ and ۰.۹۴۹۲ respectively, which signifies the accuracy of the model. The results of the RSM model were compared with more than ۲۵ equations available in the literature. The outcomes showed that the RSM model had the lowest error as average absolute relative deviation (AARD=۲.۹%) in predicting the VISR of nanofluid. Ultimately, the best state of VISR of nanofluid in the conditions of SVF= ۰.۰۱%, and T = ۲۰°C value was ۱.۰۷۰. The application of RSM cuts down on experimental costs and time, in addition to helping identify the most suitable model.

کلیدواژه ها:

Response surface methodology ، viscosity ، Nanofluid ، modeling ، stability