Integrated Multi-Hazard Digital Twins for Metropolitan Infrastructure Resilience: A Case Study of Tehran

Metropolitan infrastructure systems are increasingly exposed to multiple interacting hazards, including earthquakes, flooding, climate-induced stressors, and progressive structural deterioration. Conventional risk and resilience assessments typically address these hazards in isolation, limiting their ability to capture cascading effects, compound impacts, and evolving system vulnerability. As a result, urban resilience strategies often underestimate systemic risk and overemphasize single-hazard mitigation.This study proposes an integrated multi-hazard digital twin framework for metropolitan infrastructure resilience assessment and decision support. The framework combines structural health monitoring, hazard-specific models, and system-level digital twins to represent infrastructure behavior under interacting hazard scenarios. Rather than treating hazards as independent events, the approach captures their cumulative and sequential effects on structural performance, serviceability, and network functionality.The proposed framework is demonstrated through a case study of urban infrastructure systems in Tehran, a metropolitan context exposed to seismic risk, flooding potential, and climate-driven degradation. Results show that multi-hazard digital twins enable identification of vulnerability pathways that remain hidden in single-hazard analyses, support prioritization of resilience-enhancing interventions, and improve coordination between hazard mitigation strategies. The findings highlight the value of integrated digital twins as a foundation for risk-informed, adaptive resilience planning in complex urban environments.

کلیدواژه ها:

Multi-hazard resilience ، Digital twin ، Structural health monitoring ، Urban infrastructure ، Cascading risk ، System-level resilience ، Case study of Tehran