Quantum dot-based sensors and nanotheranostics for early detection and targeted therapy for colorectal cancer

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most prevalent and fatal cancers worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for the development of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.Objective(s): Quantum dots (QDs), semiconductor nanomaterials with distinctive optical properties, have emerged as promising tools in the fight against colorectal cancer (CRC).Materials and Methods: The ability of QDs to emit tunable fluorescence, combined with their small size and potential for surface functionalization, enables high sensitivity and specificity in early detection and targeted treatment. In the context of CRC, QDs can be used to identify biomarkers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and folate receptors, facilitating non-invasive imaging with high resolution.Results: Furthermore, QDs can be functionalized for targeted therapy, enhancing the selective delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to tumor sites, reducing systemic toxicity, and allowing real-time monitoring of treatment efficacy. Despite these advantages, the clinical application of QDs in CRC is limited by challenges, including toxicity, biocompatibility, long-term stability, and efficient targeting. This review examines the current state of quantum dot-based technologies in CRC diagnostics and therapy, emphasizing their potential as nanotheranostic platforms. We also address the key barriers to clinical translation and propose future research directions to improve quantum dots' safety, efficiency, and clinical utility in CRC management.Conclusion: Ultimately, quantum dots offer significant potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer, paving the way for more personalized and effective patient care.

کلیدواژه ها:

Colorectal Neoplasms ، Quantum dots ، Nanoparticles ، Nanotheranostics ، Targeted therapy ، Early detection