Imprints of Quantum Gravity on the Cooper-Frye Freeze-Out

This work shows that quantum-gravity-motivated generalized uncertainty principles (GUP) produce calculable and phenomenologically relevant modifications to the Cooper-Frye freeze-out prescription that maps hydrodynamic fields to hadronic momentum spectra in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Using the linear Ali Das Vagenas GUP, which alters both the phase-space measure and the single-particle dispersion relation, the corresponding deformed particle current is constructed and its flux across a freeze-out hypersurface is evaluated. The resulting invariant spectrum acquires a momentum-dependent correction governed by a single dimensionless function that enhances high-momentum modes. For a static, homogeneous hypersurface the full expression can be written in closed analytic form, and the structure of the correction allows straightforward implementation in blast-wave-type models. The result is also directly relevant to holography-informed heavy-ion modeling, where gauge/gravity duality constrains the strongly coupled plasma dynamics but the conversion to hadron spectra is still performed through a Cooper-Frye freeze-out map.  Our findings demonstrate that Planck-scale deformations of quantum mechanics can leave characteristic imprints on freeze-out observables, opening a novel avenue for constraining GUP scenarios with heavy-ion data.

کلیدواژه ها:

Quark–gluon plasma (QGP) ، Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) ، Heavy-ion collisions ، Quantum gravity phenomenology ، Cooper–Frye freeze-out