Evaluating the Timing of Gluten Introduction into Infant’s Diet and Other Influential Factors in Children with Celiac Disease

Background: Gluten is recognized as the main causative factor of celiac disease (CD), affecting many children worldwide.Objective: This study aimed to assess the potential relationship between the timing of gluten introduction into infants’ diet and other influential factors in children diagnosed with CD.Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from January ۲۰۱۶ to ۲۰۲۲ and included all patients, aged ۱-۱۸ years, who were referred to our hospital over this ۶-year period. Patients had a confirmed diagnosis of CD. Patient hospital records were retrospectively reviewed, and the investigated variables included patients’ age, gender, mode of delivery, infant feeding mode, and timing of introducing gluten into their diet. A P-value <۰.۰۵ was considered statistically significant.Results: A total of ۱۵۵ children, comprising ۱۰۱ (۶۵.۲%) girls and ۵۴ (۳۴.۸%) boys, met the inclusion criteria. Patient age ranged from ۱ to ۱۷ years (mean: ۹.۶۸ ± ۴.۰۳ years). The average duration of breastfeeding was ۲۳.۱۴ ± ۲.۲ months. Most patients were born through vaginal delivery (۵۷.۴%) and were exclusively breastfed without any supplementary milk (۶۷.۷%). The majority of children (۵۹.۴%) had a timely introduction of gluten into their diet. There was no statistically significant correlation between the timing of gluten introduction and the other investigated variables (P > ۰.۰۵ for all).Conclusion: Within this cohort of children with confirmed celiac disease, the timing of gluten introduction was not associated with the measured early-life factors. Prospective studies with non-celiac controls are needed to clarify potential causal relationships.

کلیدواژه ها:

Breast milk ، Cesarean section ، Celiac ، Gluten