A Narrative Review on the Role of Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats

Feline chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common, progressive disorder in aging cats that reduces lifespan and quality of life. Early detection is essential to slow down the disease progression. To date, biomarkers are considered for the diagnosis of CKD and this narrative review checks the potential biomarkers for early stage CKD detection. New biomarkers, like symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and serum creatinine show early reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) better. fibroblast growth factor-۲۳ (FGF-۲۳) indicates early phosphate dysregulation. Urinary biomarkers—albumin, transferrin, which are more useful for glomerular damage, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-۱ (KIM-۱), liver-type fatty acid–binding protein (L-FABP), and cystatin C, which are for tubular damage, provide valuable information on glomerular and tubular injury, while transforming growth factor-β۱ (TGF-β۱) and procollagen type III N-terminal propeptide (PIIINP) shows renal fibrosis. Combining serum and urinary biomarkers may lead to accurate diagnosis, able for earlier intervention, though further validation in feline populations remains necessary.

کلیدواژه ها:

feline CKD ، renal function ، glomerular biomarkers ، tubular biomarkers ، azotemia