Endometrial Cystic Adenocarcinoma in a ۴-Year Old Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): A Case Report

Background: Uterine adenocarcinoma is one of the most common neoplasms in intact female rabbits, with incidence increasing significantly in animals over ۳ years of age. In rabbits aged over four years, the prevalence of uterine disorders, especially tumours, may be as high as ۶۰–۸۰%. Among these, adenocarcinomas are reported most commonly along with several other neoplastic, hyperplastic, and other non-neoplastic disorders such as hydrometra, endometrial venous aneurysm, leiomyoma, and leiomyosarcoma. In young pet rabbits, cystic endometrial hyperplasia is the most common uterine disorder and can appear in animals as young as one year. Methods: A ۴-year-old, ۳ kg, intact female domestic rabbit was presented with progressive clinical deterioration, including anorexia, weight loss, lethargy, and behavioral changes. The owner reported signs of discomfort. Physical examination revealed a firm abdominal mass on palpation. Results: Radiography revealed focal soft tissue volume increase in the mid-ventral abdomen. Ultrasonography demonstrated a large, highly vascularized mass caudomedial to the right kidney. Histopathology confirmed moderate endometrial cystic adenocarcinoma. Following ovariohysterectomy, the patient recovered completely with resolution of all clinical signs by the two-week follow-up. Conclusion: Endometrial cystic adenocarcinoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in intact female rabbits presenting with progressive clinical deterioration and abdominal masses. Early surgical intervention via ovariohysterectomy resulted in complete resolution of clinical signs and excellent prognosis.

کلیدواژه ها:

Rabbit ، Adenocarcinoma ، Ovariohysterectomy ، Tumor ، Female