Granulosa Cell Tumour in Mares: An Overview of Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Surgical Management

Background: Granulosa cell tumors (GCT) are among the most commonly diagnosed ovarian neoplasms in mares, frequently accompanied by behavioral and reproductive abnormality. They arise from sex cord–stromal cells and frequently produce inhibin, testosterone, and anti-Müllerian hormone, preventing contralateral follicle development. Methods: This review summarizes previously published reports, case series, and retrospective studies of granulosa cell tumors from the literature. The presented data were reviewed in an attempt to assess diagnostic and treatment practice trends and health and fertility issues in mares. Results: The consensus is that the best treatment for granulosa cell tumors is surgical removal of the affected ovary. Surgery is safe when laparoscopically performed in standing mares with less recovery time and fewer complications than open surgery for similar tumor size and complexity. For large or complicated granulosa cell tumors the ventral or oblique paramedian laparotomy is still the procedure of choice. After unilateral ovariectomy, the majority of mares return to normal cyclicity and fertility within a few months. Conclusion: Granulosa cell tumors in mares can be managed effectively using accurate diagnosis and surgical planning. Development in minimally invasive surgery, have improved outcomes and the importance of early identification to maintain reproductive performance has not changed.

کلیدواژه ها:

Granulosa cell tumour ، mare ، ultrasonography ، surgery ، ovariectomy