Diagnostic Immunohistochemical Markers in Mesenchymal and Parenchymal Tumors: An Updated review

Background: IHC remains a cornerstone technique for tumor diagnosis in human and veterinary pathology. There is still a need for cross-species validation of diagnostic markers and standardization of laboratory protocols. This review aims to summarize the most diagnostically relevant IHC markers for mesenchymal and parenchymal neoplasms in domestic animals. Methods: A literature review was performed on PubMed and Scopus databases, ranging from ۱۹۹۵ to ۲۰۲۵, on studies assessing IHC markers in veterinary species' mesenchymal and organ-specific tumors. Both human and comparative veterinary studies were analyzed in order to identify well-validated and translationally relevant markers. Results: DOG۱ and CD۱۱۷ (KIT) were the most sensitive markers for canine gastrointestinal stromal tumors, while MDM۲ and CDK۴ are reliable markers for liposarcomas. STAT۶, a hallmark for human solitary fibrous tumors, shows emerging evidence of cross-species applicability. Among the parenchymal tumors, TTF-۱ and Napsin A confirmed pulmonary origin in dogs and cats; Arginase-۱ and HepPar-۱ established hepatocellular differentiation; and PAX۸ and GATA۳ showed consistent reactivity for renal, thyroid, and mammary neoplasms. Conclusion: IHC continues to provide indispensable diagnostic and translational value in veterinary oncology. Despite conserved antigenic patterns across species, issues such as clone variability and cross-reactivity persist. Future efforts should focus on protocol standardization and multispecies validation to improve reproducibility and diagnostic precision in comparative oncopathology.

کلیدواژه ها:

Immunohistochemistry ، Veterinary pathology ، Mesenchymal tumors ، Parenchymal tumors ، Diagnostic