Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: A Novel Cell-Free Therapeutic Strategy for Bovine Endometritis

Background: Endometritis, a common inflammatory uterine disease, is a significant cause of fertility loss in dairy cows. Traditional treatments such as antibiotics and hormones can cause drug resistance and reduce the healing of the uterus effectively. A novel livestock reproductive disease treatment using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is hopeful. Recent studies have demonstrated that the therapeutic benefits of MSCs stem not from direct cellular replacement but rather from paracrine functions and exosome production. As a "cell-free" approach, MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) offer more stability, reduced cellular immune reactions, and simpler production and storage compared to cells. Methods: The current study was conducted as a systematic review with a structured search in reputable databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles published between October ۲۰۱۸ and September ۲۰۲۴. Keywords used included " bovine," "endometritis," "exosome," and "mesenchymal stem cells." The inclusion criteria were full-text articles in English that used therapeutic stem cell secretory products, particularly MSC-Exos. Results: Of the ۱۲۶ identified studies, ۲۷ articles met the inclusion criteria for the review. Findings have shown that MSC-Exos contain a set of growth factors, anti-inflammatory proteins, and regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) that replicate the effects of their parent cell. They stimulate the proliferation and migration of endometrial cells and facilitate angiogenesis. Additionally, they help reduce fibrosis induced in the endometrium. Exosomes can inhibit inflammatory pathways and support cellular regeneration. According to a previous study, exosomes from adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ADSCs) regulate pro-inflammatory signaling induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) by negatively modulating pathways in cultured endometrial tissue models. Conclusion: According to previous studies, the use of MSC-Exos has great potential in treating endometritis and can be used as a novel and effective therapy, offering an alternative to traditional methods to enhance the reproductive quality of the dairy cattle industry.

کلیدواژه ها:

Bovine ، Endometritis ، Exosome ، Mesenchymal stem cells