Multifocal Polyostotic Neoplasia with Extensive Skeletal and Visceral Metastases in an ۸-Year-Old Rottweiler: A Computed Tomographic Evaluation

Background: Computed tomography (CT) has become an essential imaging modality for identifying the distribution and behavior of neoplastic lesions in small animals. This study aimed to determine whether a diagnosis could be achieved through CT scan evaluation in the absence of histopathological sampling. Methods: An ۸-year-old male Rottweiler was presented with progressive lethargy and reluctance to walk. Physical examination revealed generalized weakness without localized pain. Plain and contrast-enhanced CT scans of the thoracolumbar spine were performed to determine the cause of systemic and neurological signs. Results: CT images revealed extensive, multifocal, polyostotic osteolytic lesions involving long bones and multiple vertebrae. Several ill-defined, contrast-enhancing soft tissue masses were noted within the vertebral canal, causing significant spinal cord compression, most prominently at T۱۲–T۱۳. A large, lobulated, heterogeneously enhancing hepatic mass (۷.۲ × ۷.۰ × ۸.۰ cm) and another smaller lesion in the right cranial abdomen (۵.۹ × ۲.۰ × ۱.۳ cm) were detected, suggestive of hepatic or nodal origin. Multiple hypodense nodules were scattered throughout the liver parenchyma, with bilateral renal cortical infarcts and enlarged mesenteric and iliac lymph nodes. In the thorax, multiple pulmonary nodules and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were present, along with an ill-defined right cranial lung mass. A large invasive pelvic mass involving the left ilium and hip joint extended cranially, compressing the left common iliac vein and sciatic nerve. The findings were consistent with an aggressive, multifocal, metastatic neoplastic process. Conclusion: The combination of widespread osteolysis, spinal cord compression, visceral and pulmonary involvement, and enlarged lymph nodes strongly suggests a malignant round cell tumor (histiocytic sarcoma, lymphoma, multiple myeloma), osteosarcoma or metastatic carcinoma. FNA from the hepatic mass was most compatible with multicentric lymphoma. The owner did not consent to surgery and histopathological examination of the mass.

کلیدواژه ها:

computed tomography ، metastasis ، bone lysis ، Rottweiler ، spinal cord compression